Family Ties (English 2)
Professor Wanda MacDonald , Spring 2008

Research Essay
Conduct historical research (using primary sources) to
bullet“reconstruct a place, experience, person, or event, or a social, economic, or political change”
bullet“verify and contextualize” the story or memory of your interviewee. 
 
Primary Sources
 
bulletThe body of first-hand evidence, written, oral, or visual, created during the time period in question are collectively referred to as primary sources.
bulletSome examples of sources are letters and correspondence, personal diaries and journals, account books, pamphlets, broadsides, deeds, wills, sermons, speeches, official government records, oral histories, newspaper and magazine articles. Visual primary source material can include images such as drawings, paintings, editorial cartoons, photographs, films, posters, advertisements, and maps.

Select Primary Sources at Tisch Library
Prepared by Chao Chen, Reference Librarian at Tisch Library (chao.chen@tufts.edu)

Your professor recommends this Site: Using Primary Sources on the Web (written by American Library Association)

Statistics: General & Education  ·  Historical Newspaper and Magazine Articles  ·  Visual & Audio Materials

chao chen
617-627-2057
homepage


Note: this is NOT a comprehensive list of primary sources; please consult with Tisch reference librarians when you have further questions.
Statistics
United States
Historical Statistics of the US Online  
Cambridge University Press publishes this title, the millennial edition, with the permission of the U.S. Census Bureau. This compendium of statistics includes over 37,000 data series on various topics.

Tip: search by the key word, “marriage” and you will find statistic tables such as
Marriage and divorce rates: 1920-1995
Live births, deaths, infant deaths, marriages, and divorces, by race: 1909-1998
Aliens naturalized, by provision: 1907-1997

bullet U.S. Census Bureau , including the following titles:

The Statistical Abstract of the United States 1878 - present.
The authoritative and comprehensive summary of statistics on the social, political, and economic organization of the United States.

Tips:
1. Use the Abstract as a convenient volume for statistical reference, and as a guide to sources of more information both in print and on the Web.
2. There is a "Summary Statistics" section which provides access to USA Statistics in Brief, Historical Statistics including population, immigration, financial, and health data for as far back as 1900, and State Rankings for various topics including population, income and employment.

Example: browse by the section of "Education"; look at "Education: Higher Education:  Institutions and Enrollment".
               Select "Earlier Editions" from the menu bar for earlier years.

Historical Census

USA Counties
USA Counties features over 5,900 data items for the United States, States and counties from a variety of sources. Files include data published for 2006 estimates and many items from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing, the 1990 census, the 1980 census and the 2002, 1997, 1992, 1987, 1982 and 1977 economic censuses.

Tip: Use the print copies for earlier years: County and city data book. 1949-2000. (Stacks: HA202 .A36)

Use print versions:

Datapedia of the United States, 1790-2000: America year by year. (Ref. HA202 .K87 1994)

Historical statistics of the United States: earliest times to the present. Millennial ed. (Ref. HA202 .H57 2006)


bulletStatistical Universe    
Statistical information from the U.S. government, including the Statistical Abstract of the United States and other sources. Online version of American Statistics Index, Statistical Reference Index, and Index to International Statistics.

 
International

bulletUnited Nations (UN) Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Concerns (Online data available for 1985-2003)
Basic education data including enrollment rates, expenditure and school life expectancy for over 100 countries worldwide.

Tip: use, for earlier years, the print volumes: Demographic yearbook. (1951-2004; earlier years in Book Stacks: HA17 .D45)

bulletStatistical yearbook, United Nations. 1948- present. (earlier years in Book Stacks: HA12.5 .U63)
An annual compilation of a wide range of international economic, social and environmental statistics on over 200 countries and areas of the world, compiled from sources including UN agencies and other international, national and specialized organizations.

bulletInternational historical statistics: Africa, Asia & Oceania, 1750-2000. (Ref. HA4675 .M552 2003)

bulletInternational historical statistics: Europe, 1750-2000. (Ref. HA1107 .M5 2003)

bulletInternational historical statistics: the Americas, 1750-2000. (Ref. HA175 .M55 2003)

bulletEuropa World Plus  
For earlier years, use print volumes "The Europa year book' in the Tisch Book Stacks:
JA51 .E85  1959) and many other years; 1960-1988 covers entire world.

bulletThe Historical Dictionaries

Historical dictionary of India. (Tisch Reference: DS405 .M27 2006)
Historical dictionary of Colombia. (Tisch Book Stacks: F2254 .D38)

bulletStatistical Universe    
Statistical information from the U.S. government, including the Statistical Abstract of the United States and other sources. Online version of American Statistics Index, Statistical Reference Index, and Index to International Statistics.

 
Education Statistics, United States and International

United States

bullet National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)
The summary-level data is pulled from several NCES publications including the Digest of Education Statistics, Condition of Education, National Education Data Research Center (NEDRC) and Education Statistics Quarterly.

bullet120 Years of American Education: A Statistical Portrait (3,122KB pdf) Education statistics for elementary, secondary, and higher education from 1870 – 1990.

bulletState Comparisons of Education Statistics 1969-70 to 1996-97 (2,376KB pdf) State comparisons of enrollment, graduation, achievement, staffing, and finance statistics over a 27-year period.

Source publication for earlier years: Digest of Educational Statistics. (1967-1978) (Tisch Book Stacks: L112 .D48)

bulletCensus Bureau
Education indicators from the Census Bureau include attainment, enrollment, finances and employment in public schools and financial aid. Using the Subjects A-Z link, search for education data under the “Education” heading as well as the “School” heading.

For example, Historical Educational Attainment Reports from 1940 through 1998

bulletNational Education Association (NEA)

bulletChronicle of Higher Education

bulletThe Almanac of Higher Education (1995-2007)
For 1989-1995, use the print version in Tisch Book Stacks: LA226 .A556 
Provides data relating to faculty salaries, enrollment, student activities, demographics of college faculty and presidents, etc.


International
(Use international sources above for earlier years.)

bulletEdStats
The World Bank's database of education statistics brings together data collected by various national and international organizations.

bulletInternational Comparisons in Education
Links to data from international comparisons in education, and to various reports compiled from this data by the National Center for Education Statstics.

bulletUNESCO Institute for Statistics
Education statistics cover pre-primary, primary, secondary, post-secondary non-tertiary, and tertiary education. Includes education indicators on enrollment, literacy, staff, education expenditures, and gender disparities.

 

Historical Newspaper and Magazine Articles c
Tip: Select World News Digest
  Top News Stories by the Decade
  Top New Stories by Country
  Special Features for historical documents, photographs, ....
  • Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature (1900 -2004) (Tisch ReferenceL [GEN] AI3 .R48)
    Index of popular and general interest magazines published in the United States and Canada.
 
Visual & Audio Materials
  • In the First Person (an index to letters, diaries, oral histories and personal narratives)
    An index of more than 3,350 collections of personal narratives in English from around the world. It also contains pointers to some 3,500 audio and video files and 30,000 bibliographic records.
    Tip: browse by Historical Events
 
  • Photographs in Books

A. Album of American history. 4 vols. [Tisch Ref. E178.5 .A48 1981]

B. Search the Library Catalog for books of photographs and illustrations with a certain theme/topic
Sample search 1:
s

Sample search 2:
s

 

  • Digital Images

American Memory [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/]
"American Memory is a gateway to rich primary source materials relating to the history and culture of the United States. The site offers more than 7 million digital items from more than 100 historical collections." From the Library of Congress.

AP Images
AP Images is a database of every news event covered by the Associated Press for the last 150 years; it contains over 3 million news photographs from the 1840s through the present. All images may be downloaded and used for educational purposes ONLY.

New York Public Library Picture Collection
New York Public Library Web Gallery of Images
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Online Catalog
ARTstor 

 
  • Music and Documentary Films

Search the Library Catalog for music and/or videos with a certain theme/topic
Sample search 1:
s

Sample search 2:
s

back to top